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US Citizenship Support
The United States provides a variety of citizenship services and documentation processes for individuals seeking to affirm, acquire, or renounce U.S. citizenship, each tailored to meet specific familial or residency qualifications. Here we provide a description and frequently asked questions about the most common of these processes.
Common citizenship services
Certificate of Birth Abroad (CRBA)
The Certificate of Birth Abroad (FS-240, CRBA) is issued to children born overseas to U.S. citizen parent(s). This certificate serves as proof of citizenship and serves a similar purpose as a valid U.S. birth certificate for passport applications and other legal purposes.
What is the Certificate of Birth Abroad?
The Certificate of Birth Abroad (FS-240) or Consular Report of Birth Abroad (CRBA) is a document issued by a U.S. embassy or consulate to certify the citizenship of a child born overseas to U.S. citizen parent(s). It serves as an official record that the child is a U.S. citizen from birth.
How do I apply for a Certificate of Birth Abroad?
To apply for a CRBA, parents must submit an application at the U.S. embassy or consulate in the country where the child was born. The application includes providing proof of the parent’s U.S. citizenship, evidence of the child’s birth, and documentation of the parents’ physical presence in the U.S. prior to the child’s birth.
What documents are needed for the CRBA application?
The required documents typically include the parent’s U.S. passport, the child’s birth certificate, marriage certificate of the parents, evidence of physical presence or residence in the U.S. of the U.S. citizen parent, and fees associated with the filing of the application.
How much does it cost to apply for a Certificate of Birth Abroad?
The application fee for a Certificate of Birth Abroad (CRBA) is currently $100. This fee is subject to change, so it’s advisable to check with the U.S. Department of State or the relevant U.S. embassy or consulate for the most up-to-date fee information.
How long does it take to receive the Certificate of Birth Abroad?
The processing time for a Certificate of Birth Abroad can vary significantly depending on the specific U.S. embassy or consulate. Generally, it can take from a few weeks to several months to process the application and issue the certificate.
Can I apply for a U.S. passport at the same time as the CRBA?
Yes, you can apply for the child’s U.S. passport at the same time you apply for the CRBA. It is highly recommended to apply for both simultaneously to streamline the process and ensure that all necessary documentation is handled at once.
What if my child was born in a country without a U.S. embassy?
If your child was born in a country without a U.S. embassy, you should contact the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. They can guide you on where and how to file the application for a Certificate of Birth Abroad.
Is the Certificate of Birth Abroad the same as a U.S. birth certificate?
The Certificate of Birth Abroad is not the same as a U.S. birth certificate, but it serves a similar purpose. It is an official record that establishes U.S. citizenship from birth for children born outside the United States to U.S. citizen parent(s).
Can the Certificate of Birth Abroad be used for school enrollment in the U.S.?
Yes, the Certificate of Birth Abroad (FS-240) is recognized as proof of U.S. citizenship and can be used for school enrollment, obtaining a passport, and other legal purposes just like a U.S. birth certificate.
What if there are errors in the Certificate of Birth Abroad after it's issued?
If there are errors in the Certificate of Birth Abroad after it’s issued, you should contact the U.S. embassy or consulate that issued the certificate. They can provide information on how to correct the certificate and ensure that all details are accurate.
Application for U.S. Passport - First-Time & Renewals (DS-11)
The DS-11 form is used by U.S. citizens applying for their first passport or replacing a lost, stolen, or damaged passport. It must be submitted in person at a passport acceptance facility.
What is the DS-11 form?
The DS-11 form is the official document required for U.S. citizens who are applying for a U.S. passport for the first time, or who are replacing a passport that was lost, stolen, or significantly damaged. This form must be filled out and submitted in person.
Where can I submit the DS-11 form?
The DS-11 form must be submitted in person at a designated passport acceptance facility, which includes post offices, some public libraries, and certain local government offices. It cannot be submitted online.
What documents do I need to bring with the DS-11 form?
When submitting the DS-11 form, you must provide proof of U.S. citizenship (such as a birth certificate), a valid form of photo identification (such as a driver’s license), a recent color photograph that meets passport requirements, and applicable fees.
How much does it cost to apply for a passport using the DS-11 form?
The total cost of applying for a U.S. passport using the DS-11 form includes an application fee and an execution (acceptance) fee. For a passport book, the application fee is $130 for adults and $100 for minors under 16, plus a $35 execution fee for all applicants.
How long does it take to receive a passport after submitting the DS-11 form?
Standard processing times for a U.S. passport after submitting the DS-11 form are generally 8 to 11 weeks. Expedited services are available for an additional fee, reducing the processing time to 5 to 7 weeks.
Can I renew my passport using the DS-11 form?
No, the DS-11 form is only for first-time applicants, minors, or applicants who need to replace a lost, stolen, or significantly damaged passport. If you are renewing your passport, you should use the DS-82 form.
What should I do if my DS-11 application is denied?
Passport applications can be denied for a variety of reasons, including incomplete application forms, insufficient documentation, or outstanding government debts. If your DS-11 application is denied, you will receive instructions on how to resolve any issues and resubmit your application.
Is an appointment required to submit the DS-11 form?
Yes, an appointment is often required to submit the DS-11 form at a passport acceptance facility. It’s advisable to check with the specific facility or use the U.S. Department of State’s online appointment system to schedule your visit.
What type of photo is required for the passport application?
The passport photo must be a color photo, 2 inches by 2 inches, taken within the last 6 months. It should show a full front view of your face with a plain white or off-white background, without glasses, and with a neutral facial expression.
Can I expedite my passport application if I need it sooner?
Yes, you can request expedited processing of your passport application for an additional fee of $60. This service reduces the processing time to about 5 to 7 weeks from the time of application. For even faster service, additional options may be available depending on your circumstances.
Application for Naturalization (N-400)
The N-400 form is used by permanent residents (green card holders) applying to become U.S. citizens through the process of naturalization. This form is key in the citizenship application process.
What is Form N-400?
Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, is the primary form used by permanent residents to apply for U.S. citizenship through the naturalization process.
Who can apply using Form N-400?
Eligible green card holders (permanent residents) who meet all requirements for naturalization, including having been a permanent resident for at least 5 years, or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen, and having continuous residence and physical presence in the U.S.
What are the requirements for applying with the N-400?
Requirements include being at least 18 years old, having lived in the state or USCIS district where you’re applying for at least 3 months, demonstrating good moral character, knowledge of the English language, and U.S. history and government, along with being willing to take the Oath of Allegiance.
What documents are needed to file Form N-400?
To file Form N-400, you will need your Permanent Resident Card (Green Card), marriage certificate (if applicable), tax returns for the last 5 years, evidence of your current marital status and any previous marriages, and any documents pertaining to absences from the U.S.
How much does it cost to file Form N-400?
The filing fee for Form N-400 is currently $725, which includes a $640 filing fee and an $85 biometric services fee. Fee waivers are available for applicants who meet certain income criteria or financial hardship.
How long does the naturalization process take after filing Form N-400?
The processing time for Form N-400 can vary widely based on the applicant’s location and USCIS case load. Typically, the process can take anywhere from 8 to 12 months from filing to oath ceremony.
Can I travel outside the United States after filing Form N-400?
Yes, you can travel outside the United States after filing Form N-400. However, it’s important to maintain your continuous residence in the U.S., and you should not take trips abroad that last six months or more without prior consultation, as this may affect your eligibility for naturalization.
What happens if I fail the civics or English test?
If you fail the civics or English test during your initial interview, you will be given a second opportunity to pass the tests. This retest usually occurs several weeks after the first interview. If you fail on the second attempt, your N-400 application may be denied.
What is the Oath of Allegiance?
The Oath of Allegiance is a sworn declaration that all applicants for naturalization must make before becoming U.S. citizens. It involves renouncing allegiance to other countries, swearing allegiance to the United States, and swearing to support and defend the U.S. Constitution and laws.
What are the benefits of becoming a U.S. citizen?
Benefits of U.S. citizenship include the right to vote in federal elections, priority in sponsoring family members for immigration, eligibility for federal jobs and benefits, protection from deportation, and the ability to travel with a U.S. passport.
Application for Certificate of Citizenship (N-600)
The N-600 form is used by individuals to apply for a Certificate of Citizenship, which documents citizenship status for those who acquired or derived U.S. citizenship through their parents after birth.
What is the N-600 form?
The N-600, Application for Certificate of Citizenship, is used to obtain a Certificate of Citizenship which documents that an individual acquired or derived U.S. citizenship through their parents, either at birth or after birth, but before the age of 18.
Who should file Form N-600?
Form N-600 should be filed by individuals who believe they have a claim to U.S. citizenship through their parents and need official documentation. This includes those who were born abroad to U.S. citizen parents or who automatically became U.S. citizens after birth but before turning 18.
How do I apply using Form N-600?
To apply, submit Form N-600 along with the required evidence to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Evidence might include your birth certificate, parents’ proof of citizenship, and proof of your residence or physical presence in the U.S.
What documents are required for Form N-600?
The documents required for Form N-600 typically include the applicant’s birth certificate, proof of parent’s U.S. citizenship, evidence of the parent-child relationship (such as adoption or legal custody documents, if applicable), and documents proving the U.S. citizen parent’s physical presence in the U.S. before the child’s birth.
How long does it take to process Form N-600?
The processing time for Form N-600 can vary widely but generally ranges from 5 to 14 months, depending on the workload of the USCIS office handling the application. It’s important to submit a complete and accurate application to avoid delays.
Is there a fee for filing Form N-600?
Yes, there is a filing fee for Form N-600. As of the latest update, the fee is $1,170. However, fee exemptions or reductions may be available for those who meet certain criteria, such as financial hardship.
Can I file Form N-600 online?
Yes, Form N-600 can be filed online through the USCIS website, which allows for easier submission and tracking of your application status. Alternatively, you can still file by paper if preferred.
What happens after I submit Form N-600?
After submitting Form N-600, you will receive a receipt notice from USCIS. Later, you may be scheduled for a biometrics appointment and, ultimately, an interview or oath ceremony if applicable. Once processed and approved, you will receive your Certificate of Citizenship.
Can the N-600 be denied, and what can I do if it is?
Yes, an N-600 application can be denied if USCIS determines that the applicant does not meet the eligibility requirements. If your application is denied, you will receive a notice explaining the reason for the denial and information on how to appeal the decision if you believe it was made in error.
Do I need an attorney to file Form N-600?
While it’s not required to have an attorney to file Form N-600, consulting with an immigration attorney might be beneficial if you have a complex case or need assistance understanding the eligibility criteria or gathering the necessary documentation.
Application for Citizenship and Issuance of Certificate Under Section 322 (N-600K)
The N-600K form is specifically for children who reside outside the U.S. but can acquire U.S. citizenship through a U.S. citizen parent under section 322 of the INA.
What is Form N-600K?
Form N-600K, Application for Citizenship and Issuance of Certificate Under Section 322, is used by children who live outside the United States but who may acquire U.S. citizenship through a U.S. citizen parent.
Who is eligible to use Form N-600K?
Children under the age of 18, residing outside the U.S., who have at least one U.S. citizen parent (by birth or naturalization), may be eligible to apply for U.S. citizenship via Form N-600K if they meet specific residency and physical presence requirements.
What is the process for applying with Form N-600K?
The application process involves submitting Form N-600K to USCIS, attending an interview, and fulfilling the requirements of having a U.S. citizen parent who has been physically present in the U.S. for a specific period of time as prescribed by law.
What documents are needed to file Form N-600K?
When filing Form N-600K, you’ll need to include proof of the U.S. citizen parent’s citizenship (such as a passport or naturalization certificate), the child’s birth certificate, proof of the parent-child relationship, and evidence of the U.S. citizen parent’s physical presence in the U.S. as required by the law.
How much does it cost to file Form N-600K?
As of the latest update, the filing fee for Form N-600K is $1,170. However, fee waivers may be available for those who can demonstrate an inability to pay the fee.
How long does it take to process Form N-600K?
Processing times for Form N-600K can vary greatly depending on several factors, including the workload at the USCIS office handling the case. It generally takes several months to a year to process.
Can Form N-600K be filed from within the United States?
Yes, Form N-600K can be filed from within the United States even though it is intended for children residing outside the U.S. The application must include documentation that supports the child’s claim to citizenship through a U.S. citizen parent.
What are the next steps after filing Form N-600K?
After filing Form N-600K, the applicant will receive a receipt notice from USCIS. The next steps typically include a biometrics appointment and possibly an interview. Finally, if approved, the child will be required to enter the U.S. to complete the process and take the Oath of Allegiance.
Is an interview always required for Form N-600K?
An interview may be required for Form N-600K applicants, particularly if there are questions about the application or if verification of the provided information is necessary. However, waivers for the interview can be granted under certain circumstances.
What happens if Form N-600K is denied?
If Form N-600K is denied, USCIS will provide a notice explaining the reasons for the denial. Applicants have the option to appeal the decision or to reapply if additional evidence that addresses the reasons for denial can be provided.
Renunciation of U.S. Citizenship
Renunciation of U.S. citizenship is a serious and irrevocable action that relinquishes all rights and privileges of U.S. citizenship. This process involves a formal procedure, including an interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate, and the submission of specific forms like DS-4080 (Oath of Renunciation) and others to document the renunciation.
What is renunciation of U.S. citizenship?
Renunciation of U.S. citizenship involves voluntarily giving up one’s citizenship and is considered an irrevocable act. Once renounced, the individual loses all rights, privileges, and obligations associated with being a U.S. citizen, including the right to live and work in the U.S. and the right to receive U.S. protection.
How can one renounce U.S. citizenship?
To renounce U.S. citizenship, one must voluntarily and with intent to relinquish citizenship, appear in person before a U.S. consular or diplomatic officer, in a foreign country (normally at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate); and sign an oath of renunciation.
What forms are involved in renouncing U.S. citizenship?
Several forms are required for renouncing U.S. citizenship: DS-4080 (Oath of Renunciation of the Nationality of the United States), DS-4081 (Statement of Understanding Concerning the Consequences and Ramifications of Relinquishment or Renunciation of U.S. Citizenship), DS-4082 (Witnesses’ Attestation Renunciation/Relinquishment of Citizenship), and DS-4083 (Certificate of Loss of Nationality of the United States).
What are the consequences of renouncing U.S. citizenship?
The consequences of renouncing U.S. citizenship include losing the right to reside in the United States without documentation as a foreign national, losing U.S. voting rights, and obligations, such as the requirement to serve in the military or sit on a jury. Additionally, individuals may be subject to an expatriation tax. Renunciation is irrevocable, except as provided by law.
Is there a fee to renounce U.S. citizenship?
Yes, there is a substantial fee to process the renunciation of U.S. citizenship. As of the latest updates, the fee is $2,350. This fee covers the cost of the administrative process involved in documenting the renunciation of citizenship.
Can renounced citizenship ever be reinstated?
Once renounced, U.S. citizenship cannot typically be reinstated. Renunciation is considered a permanent and irrevocable act. Individuals who renounce their citizenship must generally go through the standard immigration process if they wish to reside in the United States in the future.
What is the process for renouncing U.S. citizenship?
The process for renouncing U.S. citizenship involves several steps: preliminary counseling with a consular officer, signing the oath of renunciation in the presence of a consular officer, and submitting the required forms. After these steps, the Department of State will review the case and issue a Certificate of Loss of Nationality if the renunciation is approved.
Do I need to pay taxes after renouncing U.S. citizenship?
Even after renouncing U.S. citizenship, individuals may still be required to file U.S. tax returns for the year in which they renounced. The United States taxes its citizens and former citizens on worldwide income, and there are also potential implications related to the expatriation tax, which assesses the covered expatriate’s net worth as of the day before expatriation.
What are the tax implications of renouncing U.S. citizenship?
Individuals renouncing U.S. citizenship who meet certain asset or tax liability thresholds may be classified as “covered expatriates” and subject to an expatriation tax. This tax treats all property of the covered expatriate as sold on the day before expatriation and taxes the unrealized gains.
How does renouncing citizenship affect Social Security benefits?
Renouncing U.S. citizenship can affect eligibility for Social Security benefits. Non-citizens may receive Social Security benefits outside the U.S. only under certain conditions, depending on the totalization agreements between the U.S. and the country of residence.
Can I visit the U.S. after renouncing my citizenship?
After renouncing U.S. citizenship, you can still visit the United States as a tourist or on business, but you must obtain the necessary visa required for your nationality. You will no longer have the right of entry available to U.S. citizens.
What happens to my U.S. assets after I renounce my citizenship?
After renunciation, you may still own property and assets in the U.S., but the handling and taxation of these assets may be subject to change. It’s important to consult with a tax advisor or attorney to understand the legal and tax implications fully.
Can a minor renounce U.S. citizenship?
Generally, U.S. law discourages minors from renouncing citizenship and requires individuals to demonstrate full understanding of the consequences. Minors must convincingly show that they are not acting under duress or undue influence and are fully aware of the ramifications.
